GULLEY: Every once in awhile a record pops up that is just out and out confusing! Such is the case of a DAR application for one George Gulley.
My ancestor Enoch Gulley had two brothers Richard and John who served in the Revolutionary War. There is no record of Enoch having served, however.
A DAR application was filed in 1916 and accepted for a descendant of a George Gulley. This George Gulley served as a private in the 3rd Virginia Regiment. He was born in England in 1750 and died in 1814 and married to Frances Franklin. The application was filed through the lineage of daughter Frances [1792-1878] who married David Pruitt. Also named as children were George, Betsy, and Sally.
Enoch Gulley was born in 1750, married Frances "Franky" Franklin, had a daughter Frances who married David Pruitt, and had children named George, Betsy, and Sally. He was, however, alive and well in 1814. Enoch Gulley died about 1829 in Indiana.
The DAR has since declared the 1916 application for the George Gulley line an "error in lineage."
Was George Gulley actually Enoch?
Tuesday, March 17, 2015
Monday, March 16, 2015
George's Right-hand Man
GREENE: The collateral lines can provide some fascinating "cousins." This is one of my favorites!
Nathanael Greene, "The Quaker General", was born in 1742. His father was described as "an anchor-smith, a Quaker and a fanatic, who brooked no compromise with the world, the flesh and the devil, whose broad brim and cut-a-way, high-collared and stiff, were always of the most sanctimonious fashion - the lines of whose life had no softening save as found in the gentle 'thee' and 'thou' of Quaker speech. Unsparingly severe toward himself, he scorned and pitilessly scourged all self-indulgence in his bright, gay-tempered son, who evaded the iron rule of his sire for his own conscience sake, whenever occasion presented itself." The same person described Nathanael as "a brave, ingenious strategist long before George Washington found him out! The youngsters of that day called him 'Natty,' but to the Quakers he was known as Nathanael, though not 'without guile,' as despite his collarless, spike-tailed drab coat, Nathanael was a sad dandy at heart and a worldling Quaker!"
In 1740 Nathanael's father and uncles became owners of the mill properties. They opened a second mill at Coventry in 1741. The Coventry mill maintained over one hundred families. The mill village was called "Greenville."
The elder Greene believed that his sons should receive a limited education and be trained to work at the family "Forge Mill." Nathanael, like his brothers, worked as "blacksmiths" at the family business. Nathanael and his brothers established a successful forge on the southwest branch of the Pawtuxet River in Coventry near the Warwick town line.
In spite of his father's beliefs, Nathanael managed to study mathematics, history, and law. He was described as an involuntary member of the Society of Friends. As was the rule of the society, the parents were Quakers, therefore the children were also members.
In 1769 an agreement was made by Nathanael, Griffin, John, and Benjamin Greene for the management of the Coventry facility. With the move to Coventry, Nathanael was out from under his father's stern rule. He was able to pursue his self-education and help organize the first public school in the town. Nathanael was elected Deputy to the General Assembly from Coventry in April 1770 and held the office almost continuously until he was promoted to Major-General in the Continental Army.
The fever of independence overtook the colonies into the early 1770s. In 1773 Nathanael attended a military meeting with his cousin, Griffin Greene, and took an active part in military drills. The Quaker authorities made clear their displeasure and eventually excluded Nathanael from the Society.
He was influential in forming the Kentish Guards military unit at East Greenwich in 1774. Ten of the thirty-seven charter members of the outfit bore the surname Greene. That December, Nathanael and four others of high military rank were appointed by the General Assembly to revise the militial laws of Rhode Island.
Nathanael had married Katharine "Kitty" Littlefield in July of 1774. Kitty's family had settled in New Shoreham, Block Island in 1721. The marriage took place at the home of his third cousin, William Greene, who would become Governor of Rhode Island. William's wife, Catharine Ray was the bride's aunt. The births of Nathanael's and Kitty's children coincided with the winter encampments during the war.
On 8 May 1775, Nathanael was chosen Brigadier-General of the Rhode Island Army of Observation. He was at Boston on 24 March 1776, to begin his distinguished career in the American Revolution. General Greene was assigned to the defense of Long Island, arriving on 17 April 1776. His command was transferred to the Jerseys in October. He was actively involved in the disastrous Battle of Long Island and retreated with Washington across the Jerseys into Pennsylvania in December. By this time Brigadier-General Greene was Major-General Greene.
Nathanael's loyalty and dedication to General Washington was rewarded with his appointment as Quartermaster-General of the Army on 2 March 1778. It was not a job he enjoyed. Greene longed to serve his country in the field. He was assigned to the Rhode Island Expedition in August of 1778.
1780 proved to be an eventful year for Nathanael Greene. On 26 July he resigned as Quartermaster-General. After Benedict Arnold's failed attempt to turn the plans to West Point, New York over to the British, Greene served as president of the Courts Martial at British Major John Andre's trial on 29 September. Andre, General Arnold's co-conspirator in the West Point Incident, was hanged as a spy. Greene was next put in command of West Point on 6 October, replacing Arnold.
Washington had long lobbied Congress for Greene's promotion. The failures of Charles Lee and Horatio Gates finally earned him the opportunity.
Gates was placed in command of the Army in the South by Congress, without consulting with Washington. Gates suffered a humiliating defeat at Camden, South Carolina and fled to safety, leaving his troops in the field.
On 14 October 1780 Nathanael Greene was appointed Commander of the Army in the Southern Department. This made him second in command to the Commander-in-Chief. He assumed command of Gates' shattered army and began the task of running British commander Lord Cornwallis to ground.
Following Daniel Morgan's brilliant victory at Cowpens, North Carolina, Greene met Cornwallis at Guilford Court House. Although the battle was technically a British victory, the Americans soundly thrashed Cornwallis' troops. Cornwallis retreated from the Carolinas to Yorktown, Virginia on 19 March 1781. The British claimed victory over Greene at Hobkirk's Hill, near Camden, on 25 April. Greene laid siege to Ninety-Six from 22 May - 19 June. He defeated the British at Eutaw Springs on 8 September. Meanwhile the combined forces of the Americans under Washington and the French under Rochambeau laid siege to Yorktown, forcing Cornwallis to surrender on 18 October. After Hobkirk's Hill, Greene wrote, "We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again."
General Greene marched his army triumphantly into Charleston, South Carolina to reoccupy the city on 14 December 1782.
For his service in the war, Greene was awarded with two pieces of captured ordinance, a British standard, and a gold medal. On 18 January 1782, the South Carolina General Assembly voted the General 10,000 guineas. The North Carolina Legislature voted him 5000 guineas and 25,000 acres of land on 13 April of that year. From the Georgia Legislature, on 1 May 1782, Nathanael received 5000 guineas and 24,000 acres of land. Part of the Georgia grant was the confiscated plantation of Lieutenant-Governor John Graham, who had remained loyal to the Crown. The plantation, known as "Mulberry Grove", was located on the Savannah River, about twelve miles from Savannah and consisted of about 2171 acres. Cumberland Island, near Georgia's southern border, was also part of the grant.
Major-General Nathanael Greene had received frequent praise from General Washington and Congress for his actions in the Southern Campaign. He had been a loyal and trusted officer under Washington's command. After Greene was appointed to command the Army in the South, he became second in command to General Washington. Had Washington died in battle, Greene would have been at the head of the Continental Army.
After the war, the Greene family settled at Mulberry Grove. On 19 June 1786, Nathanael Greene died suddenly from "a congestive chill induced by exposure to the hot sun when unprotected." He was 44 years old. On 8 August of that year, Congress resolved that a monument to General Greene's patriotism, valor, and ability be erected. The people of Georgia erected a statue of Greene in Savannah's Johnson Square on 21 March 1825. The corner-stone was laid by the General's friend, the Marquis de Lafayette. When the states were invited by Congress to furnish two full-length marble statues for the old Hall of the House of Representatives in 1864, Rhode Island submitted a statue of General Greene. In 1877 an equestrian statue of Greene was erected in Sherman Square, east of the Capitol in Washington, D.C.
Kitty Greene remarried 28 June 1796 at Philadelphia to Phineas Miller. Miller had served as a tutor to the Greene children and was eleven years Kitty's junior. The couple lived at Dungeness, Cumberland Island, Georgia. Kitty died there 2 September 1814.
Nathanael Greene, "The Quaker General", was born in 1742. His father was described as "an anchor-smith, a Quaker and a fanatic, who brooked no compromise with the world, the flesh and the devil, whose broad brim and cut-a-way, high-collared and stiff, were always of the most sanctimonious fashion - the lines of whose life had no softening save as found in the gentle 'thee' and 'thou' of Quaker speech. Unsparingly severe toward himself, he scorned and pitilessly scourged all self-indulgence in his bright, gay-tempered son, who evaded the iron rule of his sire for his own conscience sake, whenever occasion presented itself." The same person described Nathanael as "a brave, ingenious strategist long before George Washington found him out! The youngsters of that day called him 'Natty,' but to the Quakers he was known as Nathanael, though not 'without guile,' as despite his collarless, spike-tailed drab coat, Nathanael was a sad dandy at heart and a worldling Quaker!"
In 1740 Nathanael's father and uncles became owners of the mill properties. They opened a second mill at Coventry in 1741. The Coventry mill maintained over one hundred families. The mill village was called "Greenville."
The elder Greene believed that his sons should receive a limited education and be trained to work at the family "Forge Mill." Nathanael, like his brothers, worked as "blacksmiths" at the family business. Nathanael and his brothers established a successful forge on the southwest branch of the Pawtuxet River in Coventry near the Warwick town line.
In spite of his father's beliefs, Nathanael managed to study mathematics, history, and law. He was described as an involuntary member of the Society of Friends. As was the rule of the society, the parents were Quakers, therefore the children were also members.
In 1769 an agreement was made by Nathanael, Griffin, John, and Benjamin Greene for the management of the Coventry facility. With the move to Coventry, Nathanael was out from under his father's stern rule. He was able to pursue his self-education and help organize the first public school in the town. Nathanael was elected Deputy to the General Assembly from Coventry in April 1770 and held the office almost continuously until he was promoted to Major-General in the Continental Army.
The fever of independence overtook the colonies into the early 1770s. In 1773 Nathanael attended a military meeting with his cousin, Griffin Greene, and took an active part in military drills. The Quaker authorities made clear their displeasure and eventually excluded Nathanael from the Society.
He was influential in forming the Kentish Guards military unit at East Greenwich in 1774. Ten of the thirty-seven charter members of the outfit bore the surname Greene. That December, Nathanael and four others of high military rank were appointed by the General Assembly to revise the militial laws of Rhode Island.
Nathanael had married Katharine "Kitty" Littlefield in July of 1774. Kitty's family had settled in New Shoreham, Block Island in 1721. The marriage took place at the home of his third cousin, William Greene, who would become Governor of Rhode Island. William's wife, Catharine Ray was the bride's aunt. The births of Nathanael's and Kitty's children coincided with the winter encampments during the war.
On 8 May 1775, Nathanael was chosen Brigadier-General of the Rhode Island Army of Observation. He was at Boston on 24 March 1776, to begin his distinguished career in the American Revolution. General Greene was assigned to the defense of Long Island, arriving on 17 April 1776. His command was transferred to the Jerseys in October. He was actively involved in the disastrous Battle of Long Island and retreated with Washington across the Jerseys into Pennsylvania in December. By this time Brigadier-General Greene was Major-General Greene.
Nathanael's loyalty and dedication to General Washington was rewarded with his appointment as Quartermaster-General of the Army on 2 March 1778. It was not a job he enjoyed. Greene longed to serve his country in the field. He was assigned to the Rhode Island Expedition in August of 1778.
1780 proved to be an eventful year for Nathanael Greene. On 26 July he resigned as Quartermaster-General. After Benedict Arnold's failed attempt to turn the plans to West Point, New York over to the British, Greene served as president of the Courts Martial at British Major John Andre's trial on 29 September. Andre, General Arnold's co-conspirator in the West Point Incident, was hanged as a spy. Greene was next put in command of West Point on 6 October, replacing Arnold.
Washington had long lobbied Congress for Greene's promotion. The failures of Charles Lee and Horatio Gates finally earned him the opportunity.
Gates was placed in command of the Army in the South by Congress, without consulting with Washington. Gates suffered a humiliating defeat at Camden, South Carolina and fled to safety, leaving his troops in the field.
On 14 October 1780 Nathanael Greene was appointed Commander of the Army in the Southern Department. This made him second in command to the Commander-in-Chief. He assumed command of Gates' shattered army and began the task of running British commander Lord Cornwallis to ground.
Following Daniel Morgan's brilliant victory at Cowpens, North Carolina, Greene met Cornwallis at Guilford Court House. Although the battle was technically a British victory, the Americans soundly thrashed Cornwallis' troops. Cornwallis retreated from the Carolinas to Yorktown, Virginia on 19 March 1781. The British claimed victory over Greene at Hobkirk's Hill, near Camden, on 25 April. Greene laid siege to Ninety-Six from 22 May - 19 June. He defeated the British at Eutaw Springs on 8 September. Meanwhile the combined forces of the Americans under Washington and the French under Rochambeau laid siege to Yorktown, forcing Cornwallis to surrender on 18 October. After Hobkirk's Hill, Greene wrote, "We fight, get beat, rise, and fight again."
General Greene marched his army triumphantly into Charleston, South Carolina to reoccupy the city on 14 December 1782.
For his service in the war, Greene was awarded with two pieces of captured ordinance, a British standard, and a gold medal. On 18 January 1782, the South Carolina General Assembly voted the General 10,000 guineas. The North Carolina Legislature voted him 5000 guineas and 25,000 acres of land on 13 April of that year. From the Georgia Legislature, on 1 May 1782, Nathanael received 5000 guineas and 24,000 acres of land. Part of the Georgia grant was the confiscated plantation of Lieutenant-Governor John Graham, who had remained loyal to the Crown. The plantation, known as "Mulberry Grove", was located on the Savannah River, about twelve miles from Savannah and consisted of about 2171 acres. Cumberland Island, near Georgia's southern border, was also part of the grant.
Major-General Nathanael Greene had received frequent praise from General Washington and Congress for his actions in the Southern Campaign. He had been a loyal and trusted officer under Washington's command. After Greene was appointed to command the Army in the South, he became second in command to General Washington. Had Washington died in battle, Greene would have been at the head of the Continental Army.
After the war, the Greene family settled at Mulberry Grove. On 19 June 1786, Nathanael Greene died suddenly from "a congestive chill induced by exposure to the hot sun when unprotected." He was 44 years old. On 8 August of that year, Congress resolved that a monument to General Greene's patriotism, valor, and ability be erected. The people of Georgia erected a statue of Greene in Savannah's Johnson Square on 21 March 1825. The corner-stone was laid by the General's friend, the Marquis de Lafayette. When the states were invited by Congress to furnish two full-length marble statues for the old Hall of the House of Representatives in 1864, Rhode Island submitted a statue of General Greene. In 1877 an equestrian statue of Greene was erected in Sherman Square, east of the Capitol in Washington, D.C.
Kitty Greene remarried 28 June 1796 at Philadelphia to Phineas Miller. Miller had served as a tutor to the Greene children and was eleven years Kitty's junior. The couple lived at Dungeness, Cumberland Island, Georgia. Kitty died there 2 September 1814.
Sunday, March 15, 2015
All in the Family or Families
FAUCETT & CAWBY: A brief return to my Faucett and Cawby families. Benjamin Franklin Faucett and Nancy Clark were the parents of five children, four boys and a girl. The three eldest boys were Alpheus, James and Charles. Martin Cawby Jr. and Lucinda Gulley had three girls and a boy. The daughters were Mary Alice, Helen and Elizabeth.
On 19 August 1884 James Fauctt and Helen Cawby were married in Indianapolis, Indiana.
On 18 April 1885 Charles Faucett and Elizabeth Cawby were married in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Alpheus Faucett had married Sarah Kidder on 12 September 1878 in Hendricks Co., Indiana. Sarah died in 1887. Alpheus remained a widower for 13 years.
On 13 August 1900 Alpheus Faucett married Mary Alice Cawby in Indianapolis, Indiana.
The three Faucett brothers married the three Cawby sisters.
John and Eve [Fry] Faucett and Joseph and Rebecca [Hurin] Faucett are buried at Shiloh Methodist Cemetery near Avon, IN. Benjamin was originally buried at Shiloh, but his remains were removed to Crown Hill in Indianapolis in 1893.
Section 39, Lot #122 at Crown Hill contains the remains of Benjamin and Nancy [Clark] Faucett, James Edmund and Helen [Cawby] Faucett, Charles and Elizabeth [Cawby] Faucett, Alpheus and Mary Alice [Cawby] Faucett, Martin and Lucinda [Gulley] Cawby, Edwin Ray Faucett [Charles], Leroy [Benjamin], an infant son of James and Blanch [Campbell] Faucett, James' daughter-in-law.
The names of Benjamin F. and Edwin R. Faucett, whose remains were transferred from Shiloh to Crown Hill are the only names on the monument.
On 19 August 1884 James Fauctt and Helen Cawby were married in Indianapolis, Indiana.
On 18 April 1885 Charles Faucett and Elizabeth Cawby were married in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Alpheus Faucett had married Sarah Kidder on 12 September 1878 in Hendricks Co., Indiana. Sarah died in 1887. Alpheus remained a widower for 13 years.
On 13 August 1900 Alpheus Faucett married Mary Alice Cawby in Indianapolis, Indiana.
The three Faucett brothers married the three Cawby sisters.
John and Eve [Fry] Faucett and Joseph and Rebecca [Hurin] Faucett are buried at Shiloh Methodist Cemetery near Avon, IN. Benjamin was originally buried at Shiloh, but his remains were removed to Crown Hill in Indianapolis in 1893.
Section 39, Lot #122 at Crown Hill contains the remains of Benjamin and Nancy [Clark] Faucett, James Edmund and Helen [Cawby] Faucett, Charles and Elizabeth [Cawby] Faucett, Alpheus and Mary Alice [Cawby] Faucett, Martin and Lucinda [Gulley] Cawby, Edwin Ray Faucett [Charles], Leroy [Benjamin], an infant son of James and Blanch [Campbell] Faucett, James' daughter-in-law.
The names of Benjamin F. and Edwin R. Faucett, whose remains were transferred from Shiloh to Crown Hill are the only names on the monument.
Saturday, March 14, 2015
Family Story: Indian captive, Army scout, Pioneer and Farmer
FAUCETT: John Faucett has been the topic of more than one post. He is one of many ancestors I would love to meet. [Just to fill in some blanks in his story, if for no other reason!]
John was born in August 1751 in the Greenbrier Valley of Augusta County, Virginia. [Now Greenbrier Co., WV] About 1760, Indians, probably Shawnee, raided the valley. John was taken captive and his mother and siblings killed. He spent several years with the Indians and was adopted into the tribe. John probably had frequent contact with other whites during peaceful interludes while he was with the Indians. Versions vary as to how John returned to his people, but young Faucett was back among the whites by the early 1770s.
John was living near Beeson's Town about 12 miles from the Old Redstone Fort in when he was called into service with the Pennsylvania militia in 1777. He would serve six tours of duty as a "ranger and spy" on the western Pennsylvania, northern Virginia and eastern Ohio Territory frontier. In May or June of 1780 or 1781, while serving under Captain Pierce, John saw his first and only assignment to Virginia Regulars.
After the war, John turned to farming in Washington Co., PA. By 1797, John decided it was time to move on west. Faucett and his wife, Eve Fry, traveled overland to the Ohio River and began the trek along the river to Cincinnati, Ohio. Son Joseph was born along the way. The Faucetts settled north of Cincinnati in what would become Warren County. John saw his family grow and four of his children marry in Ohio. It was time to move again in the 1820s. John purchased two tracts of central Indiana land in 1823 and moved the family west the next year.
One tract was in Marion County, while the other was in newly formed Hendricks County. John settled in Marion and deeded the other to Joseph and his two sons-in-law. Family social activities seemed to have taken place in Hendricks County. The Faucetts attended church at Shiloh Methodist Church and several of them were buried in the church cemetery.
John and son David farmed the Marion Co. land until John's death in 1838.
John was born in August 1751 in the Greenbrier Valley of Augusta County, Virginia. [Now Greenbrier Co., WV] About 1760, Indians, probably Shawnee, raided the valley. John was taken captive and his mother and siblings killed. He spent several years with the Indians and was adopted into the tribe. John probably had frequent contact with other whites during peaceful interludes while he was with the Indians. Versions vary as to how John returned to his people, but young Faucett was back among the whites by the early 1770s.
John was living near Beeson's Town about 12 miles from the Old Redstone Fort in when he was called into service with the Pennsylvania militia in 1777. He would serve six tours of duty as a "ranger and spy" on the western Pennsylvania, northern Virginia and eastern Ohio Territory frontier. In May or June of 1780 or 1781, while serving under Captain Pierce, John saw his first and only assignment to Virginia Regulars.
After the war, John turned to farming in Washington Co., PA. By 1797, John decided it was time to move on west. Faucett and his wife, Eve Fry, traveled overland to the Ohio River and began the trek along the river to Cincinnati, Ohio. Son Joseph was born along the way. The Faucetts settled north of Cincinnati in what would become Warren County. John saw his family grow and four of his children marry in Ohio. It was time to move again in the 1820s. John purchased two tracts of central Indiana land in 1823 and moved the family west the next year.
One tract was in Marion County, while the other was in newly formed Hendricks County. John settled in Marion and deeded the other to Joseph and his two sons-in-law. Family social activities seemed to have taken place in Hendricks County. The Faucetts attended church at Shiloh Methodist Church and several of them were buried in the church cemetery.
John and son David farmed the Marion Co. land until John's death in 1838.
Friday, March 13, 2015
Welsh Cousins
EVANS & PUGH: Robert Pugh and Sarah Evans were natives of Merionethshire, Wales and were Quakers. They were married by 1695 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1698. They settled in the Friends community of Gwynedd.
Robert's paternal lineage was Hugh ap Griffith, Griffith ab Evan & Evan Robert Lewis. Sarah's paternal line was Evan Lloyd Evans & Evan Robert Lewis. That made them first cousins once removed.
A similar relationship existed with my grandmother's sister and brother-in-law. Freda Faucett and Dewitt Clinton Pentzer shared a common great-grandparents, Willis Gulley and Betsy Land. They were 2nd cousins.
Robert's paternal lineage was Hugh ap Griffith, Griffith ab Evan & Evan Robert Lewis. Sarah's paternal line was Evan Lloyd Evans & Evan Robert Lewis. That made them first cousins once removed.
A similar relationship existed with my grandmother's sister and brother-in-law. Freda Faucett and Dewitt Clinton Pentzer shared a common great-grandparents, Willis Gulley and Betsy Land. They were 2nd cousins.
Thursday, March 12, 2015
Dutch Mariner, Morocco, Piracy, Islam, New Amsterdam, Pioneers, Fallen Women and Scandal
THE JANSEN VAN SALEE AND EMANS FAMILIES: This tale would probably make a great series for cable TV. It is a doozy!
Jan Jansen Van Haarlem was known as Murat Rais, The Admiral of the Barbary Coast Pirate Fleet. The career of Jan Jansen Van Haarlem is fascinating.
Jan's origins were typical of his time. He was born are reared in Haarlem in the Netherlands. He married and fathered a daughter, Lysbeth, and most likely two or three other children. [According to the Shoemaker Genealogy site the other children may have been two sons named Symon and Hendrick and a second daughter.] The young man eventually abandoned his Dutch family. Jan chose the life of a merchant seaman, and the adventure began!
He would be known by many names over the next four decades: Captain John, John Barber, Little John Ward, Caid Moroto, Morat, Morat Rais, Murad, Murad Reis, Mutare Reis, Morato Reis, and Murat Reis.
About 1600, Jan sailed into the port of Cartagena, Spain. Here he met and married a Mudejar Muslim woman named Margrietje. It is believed she was employed by a Christian Spanish noble. The Mudejares were Muslims who helped the Spanish defeat the Moors in 1492 and remained in the employ of the Spanish nobles. Jan started a second family in Spain - four sons, one of whom was Anthony van Salee.
In 1605 Jan sailed from La Rochelle with letters of marque to capture Spanish pirates from Duinkerken [Dunkirk] on the coast of France. Duinkerken was a base of operation for Spanish privateers. [A letter of marque was authority given to private persons to fit out an armed ship and use it to attack, capture, and plunder enemy merchant ships in time of war.]
The Mudejares and Moriscos [Christian Moors] were expelled from Spain in 1610. Jan Jansen probably moved his family to Salee, Morocco. This was the place of settlement for most of the refugees.
In 1618 Jan Jansen was captured by corsairs at Lancerote in the Canary Islands and taken to Algiers, Algeria. Jan joined the corsairs and sailed with Van Veenboer [Sulayman Rais.] Van Veenboer "quit to shore" that same year and Jan became captain [Rais] of his ship. When attacking Spanish ships, Jan flew a Dutch flag; otherwise he flew the red half moon of the Turks.
Algiers made peace with some of the European nations in 1619. This forced Jan to set up his base in Salee. Salee declared itself a semi-independent pirate republic and became the home base of the "Sally Rovers." Jan was elected Admiral of the corsair fleet and president of the city. He had about seventeen fast corsairs built for his fleet.
Jan converted to Islam in 1622 and becomes a renegado [a European who joined the Turks.] In November, he sailed into the port of Veere, Zeeland, under a Moroccan flag and claimed diplomatic immunity. There Jan was reunited with his Dutch family. His wife and children tried to persuade him to return home. [It is likely that he had been supporting his first family, even after abandoning them.] Several Dutch seamen, in opposition to the government, joined Jan's crew and he returned to sea, attacking several French ships.
About 1623 Sultan Moulay Ziden laid siege to Salee. Unable to capture the city, the sultan appointed Jan Governor of Salee. The next year Jan married one of the sultan's daughters to cement their friendship. [Although this was Jan's third marriage, only two were recognized by Islam. The first marriage to a Christian woman did not count. There may have been children from the marriage to the Sultan's daughter.]
Jan captured a Spanish ship in 1626 and sold it in Veere, Zeeland. The next year he set up his base of operations in Algiers. He led a raid on Reykjavik, Iceland and returned to Algiers with booty and 400 captives to sell as slaves.
Jan sent two of his sons, Abraham and Anthony, to Amsterdam, Noord Holland, The Netherlands to escape a 1629 famine in Morocco. Anthony left Amsterdam for New Amsterdam, New Netherland and married Grietje Reyniers on board ship.
Jan Jansen led the sack of Baltimore, Cork, Ireland in 1631 and returned with booty and 108 captives to sell as slaves. He participated in a truce between Sultan el Walid and Louis XIII in 1635. Jan was captured by the Maltese Knights that same year. He escaped from the Maltese Knights five years later. Jansen was appointed Governor of Oualidia in southern Morocco upon his return home.
Jan was appointed Governor of the Castle of Maladia on the west coast of Morocco and was visited by daughter Lysbeth and her husband in 1641. This was the last year of record for Murat Rais. Following his death, the old privateer was buried in an unmarked grave, according to Muslim custom.
Anthony Jansen Van Salee, son of Murat Rais, was Of Dutch origin. Young Anthony joined his father in career and religion, Islam. He would return to Europe as a sea captain for Spain and venture to America. He and his wife would be outcast for their reputations and his faith, only to return and become pioneers at Gravesend.
There has been some question as to Anthony Jansen van Salee's heritage. Some sources report that he was a mulatto, others that his mother was Jan's first wife. If the account presented here, that Jan abandoned his first family and started a second in Spain with a Moorish woman is correct, then Anthony was indeed of mixed blood. [Were his bloodlines Dutch - Arabic or Dutch - Moorish?] Anthony listed himself as a seaman from Cartagena. Had he listed his home as Fez or Salee in Morocco, he would be advertising his connection with his father's pirate fleet. Whether Anthony was using his birthplace or covering his tracks is up to the reader to decide.
Anthony Jansen was born in Cartagena, Spain about 1607. His father had been a merchant seaman from Haarlem, The Netherlands. Cartagena was one of his ports of call. Here Jan Jansen met and married a Moorish woman and had four sons by her. Jan had left behind a family in Haarlem, a wife and at least a daughter, possibly other children. By the time Anthony had reached adulthood, his father had been captured by Moroccan pirates, converted to Islam, and had become the Admiral of the Sultan's fleet based in the North African town of Salee. Throughout the region Jan Jansen van Haarlem was known at Murat Rais. Anthony became a "seaman" and served in his father's fleet.
When a famine struck Morocco in 1629, Anthony and his elder brother, Abraham, were sent to safety in the Netherlands. Anthony continued his career as a seaman, listing his home as Cartagena, Spain. Anthony decided to try his luck in New Amsterdam and sailed for the Dutch colonial city in 1629.
According to the records of the Gemeente-Archief in Amsterdam Anthony married widow Grietje Reyniers of Wesel, Germany on 15 December 1629. Grietje was 27 and Anthony was 22. They were married on board ship enroute to New Netherlands. The shipboard marriage was probably more convenient for the couple due to Anthony being a Muslim. It would be an interesting marriage.
At the age of 24, Grietje had married 20 year-old Aelbert Egberts, a tailor from Haarlem, on 26 September 1626. Aelbert died before Grietje set sail for America.
In Amsterdam, Grietje had been discharged from her job as a waiting girl in Pieter de Winter's tavern for improper conduct. Anthony had been a pirate, a profession not regarded with favor by the Dutch, even though the sultan's ships were built and outfitted in The Netherlands.
The couple arrived in New Amsterdam in 1630. Anthony became an excellent and prosperous farmer. His troubles started in 1638, when Anthony and Grietje refused to pay their share of the Rev. Bogardus' salary and called the reverend and his wife liars. The Jansens were forced to apologize and pay their share of Bogardus' salary.
Jansen was sued for debt by Bogardus on 3 June and Hendrick Jansen sued Anthony for slander on the same date. On 30 September Anthony sued Bogardus for debt. An alleged report concerning Grietje questioning the father of her third daughter came about on October 6th. When told that the child was dark-skinned, Grietje was satisfied that Anthony was the father. [This story has recently been brought into question due to Anthony's Muslim upbringing and that faith's views on infidelity.] Throughout the rest of the year, Anthony was charged slander, bound to keep the peace and fined, and sued for the loss of a hog.
Grietje's previous dismissal from de Winter's tavern came to light on 21 March 1639. On the 30th she was charged with intoxication following a quarrel. Anthony charged Hendrick Jansen with calling him a rogue and a horned beast. Two people made declarations against Anthony concerning the death of his dog, which appeared to have been offered as a sacrifice. On 7 April the Jansens were charged with being "public disturbers of the peace."
They were then "banished forever" from New Amsterdam on 17 April, 1639. Instead of leaving the colony, the couple went briefly into hiding. Anthony sold his New Amsterdam holdings on 7 May. On 3 August Anthony was granted 100 morgens [200 acres] on Long Island that was to become the sites for Gravesend and New Utrecht, across from Coney Island on Gravesend Bay.* The purchase was confirmed 19 May 1643. Jansen was sued by Andries Hudde on 4 August and 27 October 1639, then lent Hudde three goats on 14 February 1640.
There were numerous other court cases in the years that followed..
In December of 1653, Thomas Southard, Anthony's son-in-law, brought suit against him. The action involved Annica's dowery and some cattle. Southard had Anthony imprisoned, but the governor and his council ordered an immediate release. David Prevost and Hendrick Kip, along with a third party were to decide the case at Anthony's request, to "avoid a tedious suit between father and son." The outcome is unknown, but the Southards moved to Hempsted and the Jansens remained in Gravesend.
Anthony was involved in several real estate transactions in New Amsterdam after his banishment. He bought and sold several lots and may have returned to New Amsterdam after renting his Long Island farm to Edmund Adley. Among his Long Island holdings were his farm [lot # 29] in Gravesend and land he bought from the Indians on 26 September 1651.
There were also long and quarrelsome disputes between Jansen and others involving the boundaries of Gravesend and New Utrecht.
Anthony must have converted to, or at least followed, Christian beliefs; for in a document dated April 1660, Jansen, Jan Emans [his eventual son-in-law], Nicholas Stillwell, and others complained that "the town had a licentious mode of living, and that desecration of the Sabbath and confusion of religious opinion prevailed. As a result, many had grown cold in the practice of Christian virtues." They requested that a pastor be sent to them. [A descendant of Anthony Jansen later sold a beautiful copy of the "Koran"[in Arabic], which was supposed to have belonged to the immigrant.]
Grietje died in 1666 and Anthony remarried in 1670 to Metje Gravenraet. All four of Anthony's daughters were by Grietje.
In May 1674 Anthony was charged with harboring a Quaker and fined 600 beaver pelts. His second wife claimed that she had let the Quaker stay overnight believing that the local authorities had granted permission. The fine was reduced to one pelt.
Anthony's brother Abraham is mentioned in 1643. He, brother Phillip Jansen, and Jan Jansen were partners in the privateer vessel, "Seven Stars" which landed at Jansen's Long Island farm. According to witnesses, the crew took 200 pumpkins. Abraham and Philip declared that there was only a small lot of pumpkins, cabbage and fowl.
Abraham fathered a child by a Negress and left them property, although he never married the child's mother. Abraham died in April 1659 at the home of Catalyntje Rapaljie, wife of Joris. Abraham van Salee was referred to as "Turk" and as "alias the mulatto" in 1658 when he was charged with not contributing to the support of Reverend Polhemus. He claimed to not understand Dutch.
Abraham, Philip and Jan Jansen were part owners in the privateer, "La Garce" in 1643-44. A Jan Jansen Van Ryn owned lot # 27 in Gravesend and Anthony owned lot # 29. In 1659, Jan Jansen purchased lots # 9 and # 10 for his son, Abraham and in February 1660, bought lot # 18 for his brother, Cornelius.
Anthony died sometime during 1676. His widow had produced an inventory and prenuptial agreement [stating that the "longer lived" was to retain full possession of the estate]. On 26 September of that year, Anthony's daughters and their husbands petitioned for their share of the estate and claimed the inventory to be incorrect. Apparently the petition was disallowed, as widow Maetje was granted letters of administration by Governor Andros on 25 March 1677.
The "life and legend" of Anthony Jansen van Salee had come to an end.
Sarah Jansen, third daughter of Anthony and Grietje, married Jan Emans. He was
likely the son of John Eman, a London goldsmith who arrived at James City, Virginia aboard the Bonny Bess on 24 September 1624. Eman was a notary public in York Co., Virginia in 1645. Young John was probably born about 1625 in James City.
It would appear that Jan Emans migrated to New Netherland with Lt. Nicholas Stillwell, possibly as one of his soldiers. Stillwell and Emans appear to have been close acquaintances. Stillwell arrived on Manhattan Island in 1639, but returned to Virginia where he was conscripted to fight Indians on 3 December 1644. Lt. Stillwell and some of his soldiers went to New Netherland afterwards. Emans may well have been among those soldiers. Stillwell was a noted citizen of Manhattan, Gravesend and Staten Island.
Jan Emans was one of the 39 petitioners for a grant of land for the village of Gravesend on Long Island, which was granted by patent 19 December 1645. Gravesend was recorded as a town in 1688. Emans was listed as a freeholder in 1656. On 12 April 1660, along with his brother-in-law, J. Kim, he signed an application for the appointment of clergymen for villages in Kings Co. Emans was a juror in 1677, a constable in 1678, Deputy Mayor of Gravesend in 1679, and clerk of courts from 1698-1702. In 1696 he was witness to a document and signed his name as "John Eman, Sr." John Emans, Sr. was listed on the 1698 Census roll as being of English extraction. According to the family genealogy, Jan Emans was a master cooper.
Jan Emans was married twice. The first, about 1660, was to Sarah Jansen. At least five and most likely seven children were born to Jan and Sarah: John, Jr., Andries, Abraham, Jacobus, Sarah, and probably Anthony and Hendrick.* [The latter two would have died prior to 1699.] Jan married for the second time about 1680 to a young woman named Engeltie. They had a daughter, Cornelia.
Jan's will was dated 7 August 1714 and proved 11 October 1715. This would probably place his death sometime in September of 1715.
Jan Jansen Van Haarlem was known as Murat Rais, The Admiral of the Barbary Coast Pirate Fleet. The career of Jan Jansen Van Haarlem is fascinating.
Jan's origins were typical of his time. He was born are reared in Haarlem in the Netherlands. He married and fathered a daughter, Lysbeth, and most likely two or three other children. [According to the Shoemaker Genealogy site the other children may have been two sons named Symon and Hendrick and a second daughter.] The young man eventually abandoned his Dutch family. Jan chose the life of a merchant seaman, and the adventure began!
He would be known by many names over the next four decades: Captain John, John Barber, Little John Ward, Caid Moroto, Morat, Morat Rais, Murad, Murad Reis, Mutare Reis, Morato Reis, and Murat Reis.
About 1600, Jan sailed into the port of Cartagena, Spain. Here he met and married a Mudejar Muslim woman named Margrietje. It is believed she was employed by a Christian Spanish noble. The Mudejares were Muslims who helped the Spanish defeat the Moors in 1492 and remained in the employ of the Spanish nobles. Jan started a second family in Spain - four sons, one of whom was Anthony van Salee.
In 1605 Jan sailed from La Rochelle with letters of marque to capture Spanish pirates from Duinkerken [Dunkirk] on the coast of France. Duinkerken was a base of operation for Spanish privateers. [A letter of marque was authority given to private persons to fit out an armed ship and use it to attack, capture, and plunder enemy merchant ships in time of war.]
The Mudejares and Moriscos [Christian Moors] were expelled from Spain in 1610. Jan Jansen probably moved his family to Salee, Morocco. This was the place of settlement for most of the refugees.
In 1618 Jan Jansen was captured by corsairs at Lancerote in the Canary Islands and taken to Algiers, Algeria. Jan joined the corsairs and sailed with Van Veenboer [Sulayman Rais.] Van Veenboer "quit to shore" that same year and Jan became captain [Rais] of his ship. When attacking Spanish ships, Jan flew a Dutch flag; otherwise he flew the red half moon of the Turks.
Algiers made peace with some of the European nations in 1619. This forced Jan to set up his base in Salee. Salee declared itself a semi-independent pirate republic and became the home base of the "Sally Rovers." Jan was elected Admiral of the corsair fleet and president of the city. He had about seventeen fast corsairs built for his fleet.
Jan converted to Islam in 1622 and becomes a renegado [a European who joined the Turks.] In November, he sailed into the port of Veere, Zeeland, under a Moroccan flag and claimed diplomatic immunity. There Jan was reunited with his Dutch family. His wife and children tried to persuade him to return home. [It is likely that he had been supporting his first family, even after abandoning them.] Several Dutch seamen, in opposition to the government, joined Jan's crew and he returned to sea, attacking several French ships.
About 1623 Sultan Moulay Ziden laid siege to Salee. Unable to capture the city, the sultan appointed Jan Governor of Salee. The next year Jan married one of the sultan's daughters to cement their friendship. [Although this was Jan's third marriage, only two were recognized by Islam. The first marriage to a Christian woman did not count. There may have been children from the marriage to the Sultan's daughter.]
Jan captured a Spanish ship in 1626 and sold it in Veere, Zeeland. The next year he set up his base of operations in Algiers. He led a raid on Reykjavik, Iceland and returned to Algiers with booty and 400 captives to sell as slaves.
Jan sent two of his sons, Abraham and Anthony, to Amsterdam, Noord Holland, The Netherlands to escape a 1629 famine in Morocco. Anthony left Amsterdam for New Amsterdam, New Netherland and married Grietje Reyniers on board ship.
Jan Jansen led the sack of Baltimore, Cork, Ireland in 1631 and returned with booty and 108 captives to sell as slaves. He participated in a truce between Sultan el Walid and Louis XIII in 1635. Jan was captured by the Maltese Knights that same year. He escaped from the Maltese Knights five years later. Jansen was appointed Governor of Oualidia in southern Morocco upon his return home.
Jan was appointed Governor of the Castle of Maladia on the west coast of Morocco and was visited by daughter Lysbeth and her husband in 1641. This was the last year of record for Murat Rais. Following his death, the old privateer was buried in an unmarked grave, according to Muslim custom.
Anthony Jansen Van Salee, son of Murat Rais, was Of Dutch origin. Young Anthony joined his father in career and religion, Islam. He would return to Europe as a sea captain for Spain and venture to America. He and his wife would be outcast for their reputations and his faith, only to return and become pioneers at Gravesend.
There has been some question as to Anthony Jansen van Salee's heritage. Some sources report that he was a mulatto, others that his mother was Jan's first wife. If the account presented here, that Jan abandoned his first family and started a second in Spain with a Moorish woman is correct, then Anthony was indeed of mixed blood. [Were his bloodlines Dutch - Arabic or Dutch - Moorish?] Anthony listed himself as a seaman from Cartagena. Had he listed his home as Fez or Salee in Morocco, he would be advertising his connection with his father's pirate fleet. Whether Anthony was using his birthplace or covering his tracks is up to the reader to decide.
Anthony Jansen was born in Cartagena, Spain about 1607. His father had been a merchant seaman from Haarlem, The Netherlands. Cartagena was one of his ports of call. Here Jan Jansen met and married a Moorish woman and had four sons by her. Jan had left behind a family in Haarlem, a wife and at least a daughter, possibly other children. By the time Anthony had reached adulthood, his father had been captured by Moroccan pirates, converted to Islam, and had become the Admiral of the Sultan's fleet based in the North African town of Salee. Throughout the region Jan Jansen van Haarlem was known at Murat Rais. Anthony became a "seaman" and served in his father's fleet.
When a famine struck Morocco in 1629, Anthony and his elder brother, Abraham, were sent to safety in the Netherlands. Anthony continued his career as a seaman, listing his home as Cartagena, Spain. Anthony decided to try his luck in New Amsterdam and sailed for the Dutch colonial city in 1629.
According to the records of the Gemeente-Archief in Amsterdam Anthony married widow Grietje Reyniers of Wesel, Germany on 15 December 1629. Grietje was 27 and Anthony was 22. They were married on board ship enroute to New Netherlands. The shipboard marriage was probably more convenient for the couple due to Anthony being a Muslim. It would be an interesting marriage.
At the age of 24, Grietje had married 20 year-old Aelbert Egberts, a tailor from Haarlem, on 26 September 1626. Aelbert died before Grietje set sail for America.
In Amsterdam, Grietje had been discharged from her job as a waiting girl in Pieter de Winter's tavern for improper conduct. Anthony had been a pirate, a profession not regarded with favor by the Dutch, even though the sultan's ships were built and outfitted in The Netherlands.
The couple arrived in New Amsterdam in 1630. Anthony became an excellent and prosperous farmer. His troubles started in 1638, when Anthony and Grietje refused to pay their share of the Rev. Bogardus' salary and called the reverend and his wife liars. The Jansens were forced to apologize and pay their share of Bogardus' salary.
Jansen was sued for debt by Bogardus on 3 June and Hendrick Jansen sued Anthony for slander on the same date. On 30 September Anthony sued Bogardus for debt. An alleged report concerning Grietje questioning the father of her third daughter came about on October 6th. When told that the child was dark-skinned, Grietje was satisfied that Anthony was the father. [This story has recently been brought into question due to Anthony's Muslim upbringing and that faith's views on infidelity.] Throughout the rest of the year, Anthony was charged slander, bound to keep the peace and fined, and sued for the loss of a hog.
Grietje's previous dismissal from de Winter's tavern came to light on 21 March 1639. On the 30th she was charged with intoxication following a quarrel. Anthony charged Hendrick Jansen with calling him a rogue and a horned beast. Two people made declarations against Anthony concerning the death of his dog, which appeared to have been offered as a sacrifice. On 7 April the Jansens were charged with being "public disturbers of the peace."
They were then "banished forever" from New Amsterdam on 17 April, 1639. Instead of leaving the colony, the couple went briefly into hiding. Anthony sold his New Amsterdam holdings on 7 May. On 3 August Anthony was granted 100 morgens [200 acres] on Long Island that was to become the sites for Gravesend and New Utrecht, across from Coney Island on Gravesend Bay.* The purchase was confirmed 19 May 1643. Jansen was sued by Andries Hudde on 4 August and 27 October 1639, then lent Hudde three goats on 14 February 1640.
There were numerous other court cases in the years that followed..
In December of 1653, Thomas Southard, Anthony's son-in-law, brought suit against him. The action involved Annica's dowery and some cattle. Southard had Anthony imprisoned, but the governor and his council ordered an immediate release. David Prevost and Hendrick Kip, along with a third party were to decide the case at Anthony's request, to "avoid a tedious suit between father and son." The outcome is unknown, but the Southards moved to Hempsted and the Jansens remained in Gravesend.
Anthony was involved in several real estate transactions in New Amsterdam after his banishment. He bought and sold several lots and may have returned to New Amsterdam after renting his Long Island farm to Edmund Adley. Among his Long Island holdings were his farm [lot # 29] in Gravesend and land he bought from the Indians on 26 September 1651.
There were also long and quarrelsome disputes between Jansen and others involving the boundaries of Gravesend and New Utrecht.
Anthony must have converted to, or at least followed, Christian beliefs; for in a document dated April 1660, Jansen, Jan Emans [his eventual son-in-law], Nicholas Stillwell, and others complained that "the town had a licentious mode of living, and that desecration of the Sabbath and confusion of religious opinion prevailed. As a result, many had grown cold in the practice of Christian virtues." They requested that a pastor be sent to them. [A descendant of Anthony Jansen later sold a beautiful copy of the "Koran"[in Arabic], which was supposed to have belonged to the immigrant.]
Grietje died in 1666 and Anthony remarried in 1670 to Metje Gravenraet. All four of Anthony's daughters were by Grietje.
In May 1674 Anthony was charged with harboring a Quaker and fined 600 beaver pelts. His second wife claimed that she had let the Quaker stay overnight believing that the local authorities had granted permission. The fine was reduced to one pelt.
Anthony's brother Abraham is mentioned in 1643. He, brother Phillip Jansen, and Jan Jansen were partners in the privateer vessel, "Seven Stars" which landed at Jansen's Long Island farm. According to witnesses, the crew took 200 pumpkins. Abraham and Philip declared that there was only a small lot of pumpkins, cabbage and fowl.
Abraham fathered a child by a Negress and left them property, although he never married the child's mother. Abraham died in April 1659 at the home of Catalyntje Rapaljie, wife of Joris. Abraham van Salee was referred to as "Turk" and as "alias the mulatto" in 1658 when he was charged with not contributing to the support of Reverend Polhemus. He claimed to not understand Dutch.
Abraham, Philip and Jan Jansen were part owners in the privateer, "La Garce" in 1643-44. A Jan Jansen Van Ryn owned lot # 27 in Gravesend and Anthony owned lot # 29. In 1659, Jan Jansen purchased lots # 9 and # 10 for his son, Abraham and in February 1660, bought lot # 18 for his brother, Cornelius.
Anthony died sometime during 1676. His widow had produced an inventory and prenuptial agreement [stating that the "longer lived" was to retain full possession of the estate]. On 26 September of that year, Anthony's daughters and their husbands petitioned for their share of the estate and claimed the inventory to be incorrect. Apparently the petition was disallowed, as widow Maetje was granted letters of administration by Governor Andros on 25 March 1677.
The "life and legend" of Anthony Jansen van Salee had come to an end.
Sarah Jansen, third daughter of Anthony and Grietje, married Jan Emans. He was
likely the son of John Eman, a London goldsmith who arrived at James City, Virginia aboard the Bonny Bess on 24 September 1624. Eman was a notary public in York Co., Virginia in 1645. Young John was probably born about 1625 in James City.
It would appear that Jan Emans migrated to New Netherland with Lt. Nicholas Stillwell, possibly as one of his soldiers. Stillwell and Emans appear to have been close acquaintances. Stillwell arrived on Manhattan Island in 1639, but returned to Virginia where he was conscripted to fight Indians on 3 December 1644. Lt. Stillwell and some of his soldiers went to New Netherland afterwards. Emans may well have been among those soldiers. Stillwell was a noted citizen of Manhattan, Gravesend and Staten Island.
Jan Emans was one of the 39 petitioners for a grant of land for the village of Gravesend on Long Island, which was granted by patent 19 December 1645. Gravesend was recorded as a town in 1688. Emans was listed as a freeholder in 1656. On 12 April 1660, along with his brother-in-law, J. Kim, he signed an application for the appointment of clergymen for villages in Kings Co. Emans was a juror in 1677, a constable in 1678, Deputy Mayor of Gravesend in 1679, and clerk of courts from 1698-1702. In 1696 he was witness to a document and signed his name as "John Eman, Sr." John Emans, Sr. was listed on the 1698 Census roll as being of English extraction. According to the family genealogy, Jan Emans was a master cooper.
Jan Emans was married twice. The first, about 1660, was to Sarah Jansen. At least five and most likely seven children were born to Jan and Sarah: John, Jr., Andries, Abraham, Jacobus, Sarah, and probably Anthony and Hendrick.* [The latter two would have died prior to 1699.] Jan married for the second time about 1680 to a young woman named Engeltie. They had a daughter, Cornelia.
Jan's will was dated 7 August 1714 and proved 11 October 1715. This would probably place his death sometime in September of 1715.
Wednesday, March 11, 2015
Enemy, Deserter, Patriot
EARTHENHOUSE: The Earthenhouse connection is purely collateral. Jacob Cawby, brother to Martin Sr. and son of immigrant John Cawby, married Christina Earthenhouse in 1834. Both were in their 50s. It is Christina's father who is the subject of this post. Conrad Earthenhouse's story is an interesting adventure!
Conrad Earthenhouse was born in Schoningen, Germany in May of 1755 according to his pension file. An alternate site of Lippoldshausen, Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony], Germany was provided in an e-mail correspondence with John Merz, who also noted that Earthenhouse was originally Bodenhausen. Lippoldshausen is east of Munden / Waser in Lower Saxony. He came to America in 1776 in the ranks of the Lossberg Regiment of Hessian soldiers hired by the British to fight the Colonists. Another soldier, Jacob Zike [Zeuch], sailed for America on the same ship and the two became close friends. Zike was a private in the Erbprinz Regiment from Kassel. He enlisted at Niederzuenzebach, a village near Eschwege.
The Lossberg Regiment saw duty in New York at Long Island and Trenton, among other places until the spring of 1779, when the troops were sent to Virginia. The Hessian troops were sent as support for the arrival of Commodore Collier on the James River. Shortly thereafter Bodenhausen and Zeuch deserted.
Both men made their way overland to Hanover Co., Virginia, where they joined the ranks of the American forces under General Edward Stevens in 1780. Stevens brigade joined the Delaware and Maryland troops in marching to Charleston, South Carolina. In the summer they were joined by North Carolina troops at Deep River and were subsequently attacked by the British regulars under Lord General Cornwallis at the Battle of Camden in August. Conrad was in the thick of the fighting only six months into his service with the Continentals.
General Nathanael Greene, Washington's second in command, arrived in North Carolina to take charge of the army. The Battle of Cowpens followed, in which Daniel Morgan's militia lured the British Regulars into the ranks of the Continental Army and defeat.
Afterwards, Morgan led the troops back into Virginia before taking part in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. Three months of service in lower Virginia followed before the troops headed for Yorktown and the clinching victory in the service of Washington and Lafayette at Cornwallis' surrender.
Earthenhouse then served at Redstone, Virginia [actually western Pennsylvania] under Major Hickman fighting Indians and about a year on the frontier west of Hagerstown, Maryland.
By war's end Conrad Earthenhouse had married and fathered, at least, a son, John. The Earthenhouse and Zike families settled in Washington Co., Maryland, where they appeared on the Census in 1790. The families had moved to Jessamine Co., Kentucky by 1801, when "Koonrad Earthenhouse" appeared on the August 13 Tax Roll. He was assessed for 106 acres on Jessamine Creek in 1804. In 1810, Conrad, Jacob 'Sike', John, Joseph, and Joseph Bowman all were recorded in Jessamine County. [This account of Conrad Earthenhouse's military career was taken from his affidavit sworn before Justice Thomas Hawkins on 27 January 1843. He was 88 and too ill to apply for his pension in open court.]
Earthenhouse and Zike were members of the Moravian Chuch in Jessamine County, which had been built along Jessamine Creek in 1794. Many of the families that would intermarry with the Earthenhouses and Zikes migrated to Kentucky from the Moravian settlements in Maryland. In his later years, Conrad was a farmer and weaver, and a loyal member of the Union Christian Church. He is buried in the old Church lot on Short Run Road.
Conrad Earthenhouse was born in Schoningen, Germany in May of 1755 according to his pension file. An alternate site of Lippoldshausen, Niedersachsen [Lower Saxony], Germany was provided in an e-mail correspondence with John Merz, who also noted that Earthenhouse was originally Bodenhausen. Lippoldshausen is east of Munden / Waser in Lower Saxony. He came to America in 1776 in the ranks of the Lossberg Regiment of Hessian soldiers hired by the British to fight the Colonists. Another soldier, Jacob Zike [Zeuch], sailed for America on the same ship and the two became close friends. Zike was a private in the Erbprinz Regiment from Kassel. He enlisted at Niederzuenzebach, a village near Eschwege.
The Lossberg Regiment saw duty in New York at Long Island and Trenton, among other places until the spring of 1779, when the troops were sent to Virginia. The Hessian troops were sent as support for the arrival of Commodore Collier on the James River. Shortly thereafter Bodenhausen and Zeuch deserted.
Both men made their way overland to Hanover Co., Virginia, where they joined the ranks of the American forces under General Edward Stevens in 1780. Stevens brigade joined the Delaware and Maryland troops in marching to Charleston, South Carolina. In the summer they were joined by North Carolina troops at Deep River and were subsequently attacked by the British regulars under Lord General Cornwallis at the Battle of Camden in August. Conrad was in the thick of the fighting only six months into his service with the Continentals.
General Nathanael Greene, Washington's second in command, arrived in North Carolina to take charge of the army. The Battle of Cowpens followed, in which Daniel Morgan's militia lured the British Regulars into the ranks of the Continental Army and defeat.
Afterwards, Morgan led the troops back into Virginia before taking part in the Battle of Guilford Courthouse. Three months of service in lower Virginia followed before the troops headed for Yorktown and the clinching victory in the service of Washington and Lafayette at Cornwallis' surrender.
Earthenhouse then served at Redstone, Virginia [actually western Pennsylvania] under Major Hickman fighting Indians and about a year on the frontier west of Hagerstown, Maryland.
By war's end Conrad Earthenhouse had married and fathered, at least, a son, John. The Earthenhouse and Zike families settled in Washington Co., Maryland, where they appeared on the Census in 1790. The families had moved to Jessamine Co., Kentucky by 1801, when "Koonrad Earthenhouse" appeared on the August 13 Tax Roll. He was assessed for 106 acres on Jessamine Creek in 1804. In 1810, Conrad, Jacob 'Sike', John, Joseph, and Joseph Bowman all were recorded in Jessamine County. [This account of Conrad Earthenhouse's military career was taken from his affidavit sworn before Justice Thomas Hawkins on 27 January 1843. He was 88 and too ill to apply for his pension in open court.]
Earthenhouse and Zike were members of the Moravian Chuch in Jessamine County, which had been built along Jessamine Creek in 1794. Many of the families that would intermarry with the Earthenhouses and Zikes migrated to Kentucky from the Moravian settlements in Maryland. In his later years, Conrad was a farmer and weaver, and a loyal member of the Union Christian Church. He is buried in the old Church lot on Short Run Road.
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